Parker manuscript featured in Silk Roads exhibition at the British Museum

MS 223 in the exhibition 'Silk Roads' at the British Museum.

MS 223 in the exhibition 'Silk Roads' at the British Museum.

MS 223 in the exhibition 'Silk Roads' at the British Museum.

A recipe found in 10th-century manuscript by the Director of the Parker Library, Professor Philippa Hoskin, is on display in a new exhibition at the British Museum. CCCC MS 223 contains a number of works by the Roman poet Prudentius (348-c. 410). In the front of the manuscript are some notes that date to the 11th century. The recipe, which is for incense, is on page 2.

The exhibition Silk Roads unpacks the myths and paints the complex and fascinating true story of this legendary trade route. Beyond images of spice, silks, and camel caravans, this groundbreaking new exhibition expands the modern popular concept of the ‘Silk Road’ as a simple history of trade between ‘East’ and ‘West' and looks at how the epic journeys of people, objects and ideas along the Silk Roads shaped cultures and histories. 

The recipe reflects the many types of goods that would have come down the Silk Road and ultimately to the British Isles, in this case spices, resins, types of wood and other ingredients. It also calls for local products such as honey, dried fruit and wine.

The incense recipe from MS 223.

The incense recipe from MS 223.

The incense recipe from MS 223.

Resurrecting the Recipe

Philippa translated the recipe, and a team led by Fellows Professor John Carr and Dr Betty Chung attempted to re-create it. Lacking laboratory space here at Corpus, the Chaplain, Revd Matt Bullimore, kindly agreed that the Chapel could be used instead. PhD students Satish Viswanathan, Jenni Palmer, and Robbie Waddell were on hand to assist. The result was quite successful and Matt was even able to burn the incense in a thurible , as demonstrated in the video below.

Incense recipe

Herbs & spices

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
6 pennyweights/9.3 grams
Spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi)
6 pennyweights/9.3 grams)
Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
6 pennyweights/9.3 grams

Resins

Frankincense
6 pennyweights/9.3 grams
Cozumber (substitute: black storax)
3 ounces/84.9 grams
Confita (substitute: benzoin)
1 ounce/28.3 grams
Storax Styrax
6 pennyweights/9.3 grams

Binding agent

This has been added to the ingredient list based on reading of various incense recipes.

Honey, which needs to be treated by simmering for 20 minutes to remove air and reduce the water content.  

Wood

Aloeswood (also called agarwood)

1 ounce/28.3 grams

Other scents

Camphor
15 pennyweights/23.25 grams
Musk (substitute: musk ambrette seeds)
3 pennyweights aka 4.65 grams

Ingredients
forming
Lighting